bit error rate
The fraction of bits transmitted that are received incorrectly. The bit error rate of a system can be estimated as follows:
Where N0 = Noise power spectral density (A2/Hz).
IMIN = Minimum effective signal amplitude (Amps).
B = Bandwidth (Hz).
Q(x) = Cumulative distribution function (Gaussian distribution).
Bit Error Rate. The number of bit errors that occur within the space of one second. This measurement is one of the prime considerations in determining signal quality. The higher the data transmission rate the greater the standard. A DS-1 signal is considered acceptable with a BER of 10-6, but an OC-3 signal requires a BER of no more than 10-12.
In telecommunication transmission, the bit error rate (BER) is the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission, usually expressed as ten to a negative power. For example, a transmission might have a BER of 10 to the minus 6, meaning that, out of 1,000,000 bits transmitted, one bit was in error. The BER is an indication of how often data has to be retransmitted because of an error. Too high a BER may indicate that a slower data rate would actually improve overall transmission time for a given amount of transmitted data since the BER might be reduced, lowering the number of packets that had to be resent.
A BERT (bit error rate test or tester) is a procedure or device that measures the BER for a given transmission.
verilog model of bit error rate
module bit_error_rate(in,ref);
input in,ref;
voltage in,reg;
parameter real period=1 from [0:inf),
vth=2.5;
integer bits,errors;
analog
begin
@(initial_step)
begin
bits = 0;
errors = 0;
end
@(timer(0,period))
begin
if ((V(in) > vth) != (V(ref) > vth))
errors = errors+1;
bits = bits+1;
end
@(final_step)
$strobe(“bit error rate = %f%%”, 100*errors/bits);
end
endmodule